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Denne identifikatoren kan du bruke til å sitere eller lenke til denne innførselen:
http://hdl.handle.net/2282/1129
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| Tittel: | Optimization of Small Urban Water Services in Developing Countries by Water Loss Management. Literature review with practical examples from Pacific Island countries |
| Forfattere: | Kleppen, Mathias H. |
| Dato: | 2011 |
| Sammendrag: | Water is by far our most important natural resource needed to sustain all forms of life on our
planet. Today we face depletion and increased scarcity of this precious resource. At the same
time there is also a rapid urbanization process going on, - in particular in developing nations.
This will put an unprecedented pressure upon the urban water service providers (water
utilities) to supply enough hygienically safe water for their customers. Small Island
Developing States (SIDS) are no exception to this general trend.
Water losses occur to different degrees in all water supply systems. In developing countries it
is not uncommon that half of the water invested in through production and distribution is lost
through different types of wastage. There is however methods and techniques that can be
applied to reduce the waste of drinking water. This thesis analyses, through an extensive
literature review, some of the methods applied on the demand side. As opposed to supply side
management that concentrates on major infrastructural investments, the demand side
management develops strategies to improve and optimize existing water resources and
infrastructure. The term for these strategies applied to Pacific water service providers are
Water Loss Management (WLM). WLM could potentially contribute significantly to meet the
millennium development goal 7 (specifically target 7c) for the given country.
WLM strategies are known to be data intensive, but many service providers in SIDS do not
have an adequate set of data to give a reasonable idea of “what water goes where”. The goal
of this research is to find ways to optimize water supply in small urban services in Pacific
Island Countries (PIC). It is believed that the most crucial step, from having very little
overview to having an improved overview on the supply system, is achievable by starting up
WLM initiatives whilst data needs are identified and strategies are implemented to deliver
these needs.
Based on the literature review WLM initiatives were implemented and are presented as three
different practical examples. Field observations and analysis of the examples emphasizes the
understanding of the baseline situation as a critical first step in moving towards an effective
WLM program. Suggested strategies and the identification of key factors that influence the
implementation of WLM initiatives in PIC are explained. |
| Nøkkelord: | water loss management
non-revenue water
small island developing states
urban water services |
| Dokumenttype: | Master thesis |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2282/1129 |
| Vises i samlingene: | Mastergradsavhandlinger i natur-, helse- og miljøvern
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